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This function returns the OLS regressions of an unrestricted VECM, i.e. it returns an object of class lm. The user can provide a certain number of which equation in the VECM should be estimated and reported, or if "reg.number=NULL" each equation in the VECM will be estimated and its results are reported.

Usage

cajools(z, reg.number = NULL)

Arguments

z

An object of class ca.jo or cajo.test.

reg.number

The number of the equation in the VECM that should be estimated or if set to NULL (the default), all equations within the VECM are estimated.

Value

Returns an object of class lm.

References

Johansen, S. (1988), Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231–254.

Johansen, S. and Juselius, K. (1990), Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration – with Applications to the Demand for Money, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 2, 169–210.

Johansen, S. (1991), Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models, Econometrica, Vol. 59, No. 6, 1551–1580.

Author

Bernhard Pfaff

Examples

data(denmark)
sjd <- denmark[, c("LRM", "LRY", "IBO", "IDE")]
sjd.vecm1 <- ca.jo(sjd, ecdet = "const", type="eigen", K=2, spec="longrun",
season=4)
sjd.vecm2 <- ca.jo(sjd, ecdet = "const", type="eigen", K=2, spec="transitory",
season=4)
sjd.vecm.ols1 <- cajools(sjd.vecm1)
sjd.vecm.ols2 <- cajools(sjd.vecm2)
summary(sjd.vecm.ols1)
#> Response LRM.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = LRM.d ~ sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + LRM.dl1 + LRY.dl1 + IBO.dl1 + 
#>     IDE.dl1 + LRM.l2 + LRY.l2 + IBO.l2 + IDE.l2 + constant - 
#>     1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>       Min        1Q    Median        3Q       Max 
#> -0.039482 -0.014437 -0.005498  0.013169  0.051973 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
#> sd1      -0.055917   0.010563  -5.294 4.34e-06 ***
#> sd2      -0.016458   0.009426  -1.746  0.08831 .  
#> sd3      -0.039480   0.008961  -4.406 7.40e-05 ***
#> LRM.dl1   0.014228   0.201655   0.071  0.94409    
#> LRY.dl1   0.013753   0.166549   0.083  0.93459    
#> IBO.dl1  -1.180148   0.393173  -3.002  0.00456 ** 
#> IDE.dl1   0.176409   0.598347   0.295  0.76961    
#> LRM.l2   -0.180730   0.088757  -2.036  0.04822 *  
#> LRY.l2    0.109768   0.120060   0.914  0.36592    
#> IBO.l2   -1.041659   0.353320  -2.948  0.00526 ** 
#> IDE.l2    0.638122   0.434247   1.469  0.14933    
#> constant  1.582925   0.547678   2.890  0.00613 ** 
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.02165 on 41 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.6804,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.5868 
#> F-statistic: 7.273 on 12 and 41 DF,  p-value: 6.759e-07
#> 
#> 
#> Response LRY.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = LRY.d ~ sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + LRM.dl1 + LRY.dl1 + IBO.dl1 + 
#>     IDE.dl1 + LRM.l2 + LRY.l2 + IBO.l2 + IDE.l2 + constant - 
#>     1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
#> -0.03448 -0.01507 -0.00100  0.01115  0.05666 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
#> sd1      -0.025121   0.010825  -2.321   0.0254 * 
#> sd2       0.007339   0.009660   0.760   0.4518   
#> sd3      -0.011369   0.009183  -1.238   0.2228   
#> LRM.dl1   0.689838   0.206656   3.338   0.0018 **
#> LRY.dl1  -0.353616   0.170679  -2.072   0.0446 * 
#> IBO.dl1   0.280519   0.402923   0.696   0.4902   
#> IDE.dl1  -0.587402   0.613185  -0.958   0.3437   
#> LRM.l2    0.185819   0.090958   2.043   0.0475 * 
#> LRY.l2   -0.309055   0.123038  -2.512   0.0160 * 
#> IBO.l2    0.657641   0.362082   1.816   0.0766 . 
#> IDE.l2   -0.647679   0.445015  -1.455   0.1532   
#> constant -0.389553   0.561260  -0.694   0.4916   
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.02218 on 41 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.4015,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.2264 
#> F-statistic: 2.292 on 12 and 41 DF,  p-value: 0.02421
#> 
#> 
#> Response IBO.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = IBO.d ~ sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + LRM.dl1 + LRY.dl1 + IBO.dl1 + 
#>     IDE.dl1 + LRM.l2 + LRY.l2 + IBO.l2 + IDE.l2 + constant - 
#>     1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
#> -0.0232722 -0.0044453 -0.0000303  0.0048527  0.0176373 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)  
#> sd1      -0.0000689  0.0042027  -0.016   0.9870  
#> sd2       0.0073995  0.0037503   1.973   0.0553 .
#> sd3       0.0048269  0.0035652   1.354   0.1832  
#> LRM.dl1   0.0654218  0.0802292   0.815   0.4195  
#> LRY.dl1   0.1179269  0.0662622   1.780   0.0825 .
#> IBO.dl1   0.3825684  0.1564254   2.446   0.0188 *
#> IDE.dl1   0.0858928  0.2380548   0.361   0.7201  
#> LRM.l2    0.0144878  0.0353122   0.410   0.6837  
#> LRY.l2   -0.0177100  0.0477665  -0.371   0.7127  
#> IBO.l2    0.0815823  0.1405700   0.580   0.5648  
#> IDE.l2   -0.1673547  0.1727669  -0.969   0.3384  
#> constant -0.0641545  0.2178960  -0.294   0.7699  
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.008613 on 41 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.3992,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.2234 
#> F-statistic:  2.27 on 12 and 41 DF,  p-value: 0.02555
#> 
#> 
#> Response IDE.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = IDE.d ~ sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + LRM.dl1 + LRY.dl1 + IBO.dl1 + 
#>     IDE.dl1 + LRM.l2 + LRY.l2 + IBO.l2 + IDE.l2 + constant - 
#>     1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
#> -0.0091249 -0.0028761 -0.0000153  0.0024579  0.0148999 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
#> sd1      -0.004189   0.002665  -1.572 0.123709    
#> sd2      -0.001087   0.002378  -0.457 0.650085    
#> sd3      -0.002730   0.002261  -1.208 0.234120    
#> LRM.dl1   0.065001   0.050881   1.278 0.208607    
#> LRY.dl1  -0.001606   0.042023  -0.038 0.969697    
#> IBO.dl1   0.370309   0.099203   3.733 0.000576 ***
#> IDE.dl1  -0.049376   0.150972  -0.327 0.745292    
#> LRM.l2   -0.003677   0.022395  -0.164 0.870378    
#> LRY.l2    0.020138   0.030293   0.665 0.509916    
#> IBO.l2    0.143119   0.089148   1.605 0.116079    
#> IDE.l2   -0.314235   0.109567  -2.868 0.006498 ** 
#> constant -0.071218   0.138187  -0.515 0.609062    
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.005462 on 41 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.507,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.3627 
#> F-statistic: 3.514 on 12 and 41 DF,  p-value: 0.001273
#> 
#> 
summary(sjd.vecm.ols2)
#> Response LRM.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = LRM.d ~ sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + LRM.dl1 + LRY.dl1 + IBO.dl1 + 
#>     IDE.dl1 + LRM.l1 + LRY.l1 + IBO.l1 + IDE.l1 + constant - 
#>     1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>       Min        1Q    Median        3Q       Max 
#> -0.039482 -0.014437 -0.005498  0.013169  0.051973 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
#> sd1      -0.055917   0.010563  -5.294 4.34e-06 ***
#> sd2      -0.016458   0.009426  -1.746  0.08831 .  
#> sd3      -0.039480   0.008961  -4.406 7.40e-05 ***
#> LRM.dl1   0.194958   0.176615   1.104  0.27609    
#> LRY.dl1  -0.096016   0.157827  -0.608  0.54630    
#> IBO.dl1  -0.138489   0.436917  -0.317  0.75288    
#> IDE.dl1  -0.461713   0.576711  -0.801  0.42798    
#> LRM.l1   -0.180730   0.088757  -2.036  0.04822 *  
#> LRY.l1    0.109768   0.120060   0.914  0.36592    
#> IBO.l1   -1.041659   0.353320  -2.948  0.00526 ** 
#> IDE.l1    0.638122   0.434247   1.469  0.14933    
#> constant  1.582925   0.547678   2.890  0.00613 ** 
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.02165 on 41 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.6804,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.5868 
#> F-statistic: 7.273 on 12 and 41 DF,  p-value: 6.759e-07
#> 
#> 
#> Response LRY.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = LRY.d ~ sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + LRM.dl1 + LRY.dl1 + IBO.dl1 + 
#>     IDE.dl1 + LRM.l1 + LRY.l1 + IBO.l1 + IDE.l1 + constant - 
#>     1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
#> -0.03448 -0.01507 -0.00100  0.01115  0.05666 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
#> sd1      -0.025121   0.010825  -2.321  0.02536 * 
#> sd2       0.007339   0.009660   0.760  0.45179   
#> sd3      -0.011369   0.009183  -1.238  0.22276   
#> LRM.dl1   0.504019   0.180994   2.785  0.00807 **
#> LRY.dl1  -0.044561   0.161741  -0.276  0.78431   
#> IBO.dl1  -0.377122   0.447752  -0.842  0.40453   
#> IDE.dl1   0.060277   0.591012   0.102  0.91926   
#> LRM.l1    0.185819   0.090958   2.043  0.04752 * 
#> LRY.l1   -0.309055   0.123038  -2.512  0.01604 * 
#> IBO.l1    0.657641   0.362082   1.816  0.07664 . 
#> IDE.l1   -0.647679   0.445015  -1.455  0.15317   
#> constant -0.389553   0.561260  -0.694  0.49155   
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.02218 on 41 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.4015,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.2264 
#> F-statistic: 2.292 on 12 and 41 DF,  p-value: 0.02421
#> 
#> 
#> Response IBO.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = IBO.d ~ sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + LRM.dl1 + LRY.dl1 + IBO.dl1 + 
#>     IDE.dl1 + LRM.l1 + LRY.l1 + IBO.l1 + IDE.l1 + constant - 
#>     1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
#> -0.0232722 -0.0044453 -0.0000303  0.0048527  0.0176373 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)  
#> sd1      -0.0000689  0.0042027  -0.016   0.9870  
#> sd2       0.0073995  0.0037503   1.973   0.0553 .
#> sd3       0.0048269  0.0035652   1.354   0.1832  
#> LRM.dl1   0.0509340  0.0702669   0.725   0.4727  
#> LRY.dl1   0.1356369  0.0627923   2.160   0.0367 *
#> IBO.dl1   0.3009861  0.1738292   1.732   0.0909 .
#> IDE.dl1   0.2532475  0.2294467   1.104   0.2761  
#> LRM.l1    0.0144878  0.0353122   0.410   0.6837  
#> LRY.l1   -0.0177100  0.0477665  -0.371   0.7127  
#> IBO.l1    0.0815823  0.1405700   0.580   0.5648  
#> IDE.l1   -0.1673547  0.1727669  -0.969   0.3384  
#> constant -0.0641545  0.2178960  -0.294   0.7699  
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.008613 on 41 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.3992,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.2234 
#> F-statistic:  2.27 on 12 and 41 DF,  p-value: 0.02555
#> 
#> 
#> Response IDE.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = IDE.d ~ sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + LRM.dl1 + LRY.dl1 + IBO.dl1 + 
#>     IDE.dl1 + LRM.l1 + LRY.l1 + IBO.l1 + IDE.l1 + constant - 
#>     1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
#> -0.0091249 -0.0028761 -0.0000153  0.0024579  0.0148999 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
#> sd1      -0.004189   0.002665  -1.572   0.1237   
#> sd2      -0.001087   0.002378  -0.457   0.6501   
#> sd3      -0.002730   0.002261  -1.208   0.2341   
#> LRM.dl1   0.068678   0.044563   1.541   0.1310   
#> LRY.dl1  -0.021744   0.039822  -0.546   0.5880   
#> IBO.dl1   0.227189   0.110241   2.061   0.0457 * 
#> IDE.dl1   0.264860   0.145513   1.820   0.0760 . 
#> LRM.l1   -0.003677   0.022395  -0.164   0.8704   
#> LRY.l1    0.020138   0.030293   0.665   0.5099   
#> IBO.l1    0.143119   0.089148   1.605   0.1161   
#> IDE.l1   -0.314235   0.109567  -2.868   0.0065 **
#> constant -0.071218   0.138187  -0.515   0.6091   
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.005462 on 41 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.507,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.3627 
#> F-statistic: 3.514 on 12 and 41 DF,  p-value: 0.001273
#> 
#>