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This function returns the OLS regressions of a restricted VECM, i.e. it returns a list object with elements of class `lm' containing the restricted VECM and a matrix object with the normalised cointegrating relationships. The user can provide a certain number of which equation in the VECM should be estimated and reported, or if "reg.number = NULL" each equation in the VECM will be estimated and its results are reported. Furthermore, the cointegratioon rank has to be supplied too.

Usage

cajorls(z, r = 1, reg.number = NULL)

Arguments

z

An object of class ca.jo or cajo.test.

r

An integer, signifiying the cointegration rank.

reg.number

The number of the equation in the VECM that should be estimated or if set to NULL (the default), all equations within the VECM are estimated.

Details

The cointegration space is normalised as \(\bold{\beta}_c = \bold{\beta}(S'\bold{\beta})^{-1}\), with \(S' = (I_r, 0)\).

Value

Returns a list object with elements of class lm for the restricted VECM and a matrix object with the normalised cointegrating vectors.

References

Johansen, S. (1995), Likelihood-Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Lütkepohl, H. (2006), New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis, Springer, New York.

Author

Bernhard Pfaff

Examples

data(finland)
sjf <- finland
sjf.vecm <- ca.jo(sjf, ecdet = "none", type = "eigen", K = 2,
spec = "longrun", season = 4)
sjf.vecm.rls <- cajorls(sjf.vecm, r = 2)
summary(sjf.vecm.rls$rlm)
#> Response lrm1.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = lrm1.d ~ ect1 + ect2 + constant + sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + 
#>     lrm1.dl1 + lny.dl1 + lnmr.dl1 + difp.dl1 - 1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>       Min        1Q    Median        3Q       Max 
#> -0.167337 -0.031168 -0.000444  0.032038  0.134665 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
#> ect1      0.013062   0.027131   0.481   0.6313    
#> ect2     -0.005718   0.033439  -0.171   0.8646    
#> constant  0.034544   0.063420   0.545   0.5873    
#> sd1       0.039661   0.021929   1.809   0.0737 .  
#> sd2       0.037178   0.015135   2.456   0.0159 *  
#> sd3       0.100957   0.016637   6.068  2.7e-08 ***
#> lrm1.dl1 -0.144815   0.110924  -1.306   0.1949    
#> lny.dl1  -0.282268   0.141776  -1.991   0.0494 *  
#> lnmr.dl1 -0.092989   0.136421  -0.682   0.4971    
#> difp.dl1 -0.175051   0.455241  -0.385   0.7015    
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.05088 on 94 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.5241,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.4735 
#> F-statistic: 10.35 on 10 and 94 DF,  p-value: 1.415e-11
#> 
#> 
#> Response lny.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = lny.d ~ ect1 + ect2 + constant + sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + 
#>     lrm1.dl1 + lny.dl1 + lnmr.dl1 + difp.dl1 - 1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>       Min        1Q    Median        3Q       Max 
#> -0.063049 -0.022580  0.001169  0.020766  0.060946 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
#> ect1      0.016827   0.016423   1.025  0.30816    
#> ect2     -0.014446   0.020241  -0.714  0.47719    
#> constant  0.050219   0.038389   1.308  0.19401    
#> sd1       0.043686   0.013274   3.291  0.00141 ** 
#> sd2       0.082752   0.009161   9.033 2.09e-14 ***
#> sd3       0.095593   0.010070   9.492 2.21e-15 ***
#> lrm1.dl1  0.036994   0.067144   0.551  0.58297    
#> lny.dl1  -0.669425   0.085819  -7.800 8.35e-12 ***
#> lnmr.dl1 -0.067311   0.082577  -0.815  0.41706    
#> difp.dl1 -0.194686   0.275563  -0.707  0.48162    
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.0308 on 94 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.7709,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.7465 
#> F-statistic: 31.63 on 10 and 94 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
#> 
#> 
#> Response lnmr.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = lnmr.d ~ ect1 + ect2 + constant + sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + 
#>     lrm1.dl1 + lny.dl1 + lnmr.dl1 + difp.dl1 - 1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
#> -0.13378 -0.02073 -0.00116  0.01910  0.09730 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
#> ect1      0.100381   0.019373   5.182 1.25e-06 ***
#> ect2     -0.114265   0.023877  -4.786 6.32e-06 ***
#> constant  0.227298   0.045285   5.019 2.45e-06 ***
#> sd1       0.008791   0.015659   0.561   0.5758    
#> sd2       0.012457   0.010807   1.153   0.2520    
#> sd3       0.020114   0.011879   1.693   0.0937 .  
#> lrm1.dl1 -0.156875   0.079205  -1.981   0.0506 .  
#> lny.dl1  -0.010677   0.101234  -0.105   0.9162    
#> lnmr.dl1 -0.231381   0.097411  -2.375   0.0196 *  
#> difp.dl1  0.424736   0.325063   1.307   0.1945    
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.03633 on 94 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.3987,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.3347 
#> F-statistic: 6.232 on 10 and 94 DF,  p-value: 2.984e-07
#> 
#> 
#> Response difp.d :
#> 
#> Call:
#> lm(formula = difp.d ~ ect1 + ect2 + constant + sd1 + sd2 + sd3 + 
#>     lrm1.dl1 + lny.dl1 + lnmr.dl1 + difp.dl1 - 1, data = data.mat)
#> 
#> Residuals:
#>       Min        1Q    Median        3Q       Max 
#> -0.022935 -0.007270 -0.001109  0.006187  0.044326 
#> 
#> Coefficients:
#>           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
#> ect1     -0.011799   0.006208  -1.901   0.0604 .  
#> ect2      0.017539   0.007651   2.292   0.0241 *  
#> constant -0.030559   0.014511  -2.106   0.0379 *  
#> sd1       0.001724   0.005018   0.344   0.7319    
#> sd2      -0.007526   0.003463  -2.173   0.0323 *  
#> sd3      -0.008354   0.003807  -2.195   0.0307 *  
#> lrm1.dl1  0.001332   0.025381   0.052   0.9583    
#> lny.dl1   0.028501   0.032440   0.879   0.3819    
#> lnmr.dl1  0.023617   0.031215   0.757   0.4512    
#> difp.dl1 -0.793653   0.104164  -7.619 1.99e-11 ***
#> ---
#> Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> 
#> Residual standard error: 0.01164 on 94 degrees of freedom
#> Multiple R-squared:  0.5132,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.4615 
#> F-statistic: 9.911 on 10 and 94 DF,  p-value: 3.783e-11
#> 
#> 
sjf.vecm.rls$beta
#>                  ect1      ect2
#> lrm1.l2  1.000000e+00   0.00000
#> lny.l2   1.002732e-16   1.00000
#> lnmr.l2 -2.137582e+01 -14.63113
#> difp.l2 -9.078461e+01 -85.79672